RESUMOO argumento central do trabalho é que a o sucesso da China, e de várias empresas chinesas, em ultrapassar seus competidores em termos de mudança estrutural, upgrading tecnológico, velocidade de crescimento e gerenciamento de crises se deve ao fato de ter um Estado Empreendedor como instituição-chave de sua estratégia de desenvolvimento. A discussão subsequente explora o conceito de Estado Empreendedor dentro de uma abordagem analítica amparada nas ideias de Schumpeter, Keynes, e Minsky. A conclusão é de que ambos, a abordagem e o conceito, são particularmente adequados para a compreensão da trajetória recente de desenvolvimento da China. Embora apoiado em exemplos e considerações históricas, esse é um trabalho de corte analítico, e não descritivo.

ABSTRACTThe paper's central claim is that China's speed and ability to leapfrog its peer-nations in the last three decades stems, largely, from the fact that it is a fully developed Entrepreneurial State (ES). The discussion seeks to dig deeper on ES as a bridging concept that fits well with the Schumpeter-Keynes-Minsky analytical framework and one that is particularly appropriated analyzing contemporary China's development trajectory. Although rooted in a historical perspective and using historical examples, the main purpose of the paper is analytical, not descriptive.

This paper aims to be a very preliminary effort to contribute to a better understanding of the interaction among innovation, competition and intellectual property policies from an evolutionary-developmental perspective. As such, it seeks to build a more coherent framework within which the discussions of both institution building and policy design for development can proceed. In order to accomplish that, the paper introduces the concept of "Knowledge Governance" as an alternative analytical and policy-oriented approach, and suggests that from a public policy/public interest perspective, and within an evolutionary framework, it is a better way to address the problems concerning the production, appropriability and diffusion of knowledge. In doing so, it also intends contribute to broaden the ongoing discussions on the "New Developmentalism".

The financial sector has been viewed traditionally as either providing the "oil" for the "wheels of commerce" or as a parasite on the real sector of the economy where real productivity gains provide for increasing real wages and per capita incomes. The present paper takes a different route and attempts to an analysis of financial institutions on a par with the production sector of the economy. It also develops a link which amalgamates "the knowledge-based" perspective on firms' operations with Schumpeterian financial leverage to exploit productivity enhancing innovations, and Minsky's tendency towards financial fragility. The analysis also leads to some policy recommendations concerning financial regulation, risk management and financial institution's building.